New research indicates that Long COVID affects the brain differently compared to those who fully recover from the virus. Up to 25% of those...
New research indicates that Long COVID affects the brain differently compared to those who fully recover from the virus. Up to 25% of those infected develop this condition, experiencing a range of persistent symptoms—such as concentration difficulties, altered senses, fatigue, and more—that can last for extended periods, even years post-infection. Yet, the underlying mechanisms of this condition remain unclear.
German scientists used a sophisticated MRI technique called diffusion microstructure imaging (DMI) to delve into this mystery. DMI tracks the movement of water molecules in tissues, offering detailed insights into the brain's microstructure that conventional MRI can't detect. The study compared three groups: individuals with Long COVID, those who had COVID-19 but recovered without lasting symptoms, and a control group without a history of COVID-19.
Surprisingly, the analysis showed no significant brain volume loss or typical lesions that could explain Long COVID symptoms. However, the imaging revealed distinct microstructural changes in the brains of individuals with Long COVID compared to those who had recovered fully. These alterations were notably different between the two groups.
Furthermore, the study found a connection between these microstructural changes and specific brain networks linked to symptoms like cognitive issues, altered senses, and fatigue. This correlation suggests a possible physiological basis for the Long COVID syndrome.
Although this research provides crucial insights into the impact of COVID-19 on the brain, it still leaves unanswered questions regarding why some develop Long COVID while others don't. Certain factors—like gender, age, BMI, and smoking—have been identified as potential risks, but the precise mechanisms remain unclear.
The team's intention is to continue monitoring these patients, examining both their symptoms and ongoing changes in brain microstructure. Presenting these groundbreaking findings at the Radiological Society of North America’s annual meeting in Chicago, the researchers hope this work will pave the way for a deeper understanding of Long COVID's neurological impact.